Risk factors for lower renal compensation after nephrectomy: an analysis of living kidney donors in an Amazonian cohort / Fatores de risco para menor compensação renal pós-nefrectomia: análise de doadores de rim vivo em uma coorte amazônica

Abstract Introduction: Living donor kidney transplantation is considered the ideal renal replacement therapy because it has a lower complication rate and allows an efficient response to the high demand for grafts in the healthcare system. Careful selection and adequate monitoring of donors is a key element in transplantation. Individuals at greater risk of developing kidney dysfunction after nephrectomy must be identified. Objective: To identify risk factors associated with a renal compensation rate (CR) below 70% 12 months after nephrectomy. Methods: This observational retrospective longitudinal study included living kidney donors followed up at the Lower Amazon Regional Hospital between 2016 and 2022. Data related to sociodemographic variables, comorbid conditions and kidney function parameters were collected. Results: The study enrolled 32 patients. Fourteen (43.75%) had a CR < 70% 12 months after kidney donation. Logistic regression found obesity (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 10.6 [1.7-65.2]), albuminuria (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 2.41 [1.2-4.84]) and proteinuria (Odds Ratio [95%CI]: 1.14 [1.03-1.25]) as risk factors. Glomerular filtration rate was a protective factor (Odds Ratio [95% CI]: 0.92 [0.85-0.99]). Conclusion: Obesity, albuminuria and proteinuria adversely affected short-term renal compensation rate. Further studies are needed to uncover the prognostic implications tied to these risk factors. Our findings also supported the need for careful individualized assessment of potential donors and closer monitoring of individuals at higher risk.

Resumo Introdução: O transplante de rim de doador vivo é considerado a terapia renal substitutiva ideal por oferecer menor taxa de complicações e possibilitar uma resposta eficiente à grande demanda por enxertos no sistema de saúde. A seleção criteriosa e o acompanhamento adequado dos doadores constituem um pilar fundamental dessa modalidade terapêutica, sendo essencial a identificação dos indivíduos em maior risco de disfunção renal pós-nefrectomia. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para uma Taxa de Compensação (TC) da função renal inferior a 70% 12 meses após a nefrectomia. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e longitudinal conduzido com doadores de rim vivo acompanhados no Hospital Regional do Baixo Amazonas entre 2016 e 2022. Foram coletados dados correspondentes a variáveis sociodemográficas, comorbidades e parâmetros de função renal. Resultados: Foram incluídos 32 pacientes na amostra final. Destes, 14 (43,75%) obtiveram TC < 70% 12 meses após a doação. A regressão logística identificou a obesidade (Odds Ratio [IC95%]: 10.6 [1.7-65.2]), albuminúria (Odds Ratio [IC95%]: 2.41 [1.2-4.84]) e proteinúria (Odds Ratio [IC95%]: 1.14 [1.03-1.25]) como fatores de risco. A taxa de filtração glomerular atuou como fator de proteção (Odds Ratio [IC95%]: 0.92 [0.85-0.99]). Conclusão: Obesidade, albuminúria e proteinúria demonstraram impacto negativo na taxa de compensação renal em curto prazo, o que reitera a necessidade de estudos acerca das implicações prognósticas desses fatores. Além disso, reforça-se a necessidade de avaliação cuidadosa e individualizada dos possíveis doadores, com acompanhamento rigoroso, especialmente para indivíduos de maior risco.

Esclerose múltipla: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos em uma cidade do interior da Amazônia / Multiple sclerosis: clinical and epidemiological aspects in an interior of the Amazon city

Introdução: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma inflamação crônica imunomediada do sistema nervoso central (SNC) caracterizada por diferentes graus de incapacidades físicas e cognitivas. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico da EM na região Oeste do Pará no período de 2005 a 2019 e verificar a progressão da doença, o grau de debilidade através da Escala Expandida do Estado de Incapacidade (EDSS) e a resposta ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo-descritivo, baseado na pesquisa e revisão de prontuários de pacientes portadores de EM. Participaram da pesquisa 19 pessoas. Resultados: Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram alteração na marcha, neurite óptica, oftalmoplegia e associação com quadro depressivo. A forma de evolução clínica mais frequente foi a remitente-recorrente. Análise liquórica revelou presença de bandas oligoclonais em 16 (84,2%) pacientes. A ressonância nuclear magnética de crânio evidenciou múltiplas lesões em 12 (63,2%) dos portadores de esclerose múltipla. Em relação à terapia medicamentosa, o Interferon e o Glatirâmer recebem destaque por serem os mais utilizados no tratamento desses pacientes. Em relação à avaliação da EDSS, observou-se que quase 50% dos pacientes obtiveram melhora, enquanto pouco mais de 10% evoluíram com piora neurológica devido a falta ou ineficácia da medicação. A média do tempo de seguimento após o diagnóstico foi de 4,4 anos. Conclusão: Os resultados neste estudo mostram um panorama semelhante ao comparar a realidade da região Oeste do Pará com outras regiões do país no âmbito do diagnóstico da Esclerose Múltipla.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immunemediated inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by different degrees of physical and cognitive disabilities. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of MS in the western region of Pará in the period of 2005 to 2019 and verify the progression of the disease, the degree of debility using the Expanded Disability State Scale (EDSS) and the response to treatment. Methods: Quantitative-descriptive study, based on research and review of medical records of patients with MS. 19 people participated in the survey. Results: The most prevalent signs and symptoms were changes in gait, optic neuritis, ophthalmoplegia and association with depression. The most frequent form of clinical evolution was relapsing-remitting. CSF analysis revealed the presence of oligoclonal bands in 16 (84.2%) patients. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple lesions in 12 (63.2%) patients with multiple sclerosis. Regarding drug therapy, Interferon and Glatiramer are highlighted because they are the most used in the treatment of these patients. Regarding the EDSS assessment, it was observed that almost 50% of the patients improved, while just over 10% evolved with neurological worsening due to lack or ineffectiveness of medication. The mean follow-up time after diagnosis was 4.4 years, with 31.5% (n=6) above the mean. Conclusion: The results of this study show a similar panorama when comparing the reality of the western region of Pará with other regions of the country in the context of the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.

Diarreia infantil: avaliação dos cuidados maternos na prevenção e tratamento / Childhood diarrhea: evaluation of maternal care in prevention and treatment

Objetivo: identificar perfil epidemiológico-comportamental das mães em relação aos quadros de diarreia infantil, avaliando a quais determinantes as crianças estão expostas e verificando se as mães conhecem as formas de prevenção e tratamento da doença. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo/descritivo, baseado em questionários epidemiológico e de avaliação da autoeficácia materna, aplicados às mães que compareceram à duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde para consultas de puericultura. Resultados: As 60 mães entrevistadas tiveram faixa etária prevalente de 20 a 35 anos. Um total de 70 filhos apresentaram diarreia pelo menos uma vez na vida, desses 78,6% apresentaram fezes líquidas e 38,6%, febre e vômito como sintomas associados. As condutas maternas mais prevalentes foram busca por serviço de saúde, medicação e soro de reidratação oral. A respeito da prevenção, 56,8% das mães foram classificadas com alta autoeficácia materna para evitar diarreia infantil. Conclusão: As variáveis mostraram-se favoráveis para que episódios de diarreia não sejam tão frequentes nas duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde e observou-se uma prevalência de mães com bom conhecimento e boa habilidade para não expor crianças aos determinantes que são possíveis de serem evitados, concluindo que elas possuem uma autoeficácia materna satisfatória.

Objective: To identify the epidemiological-behavioral profile of mothers in relation to children's diarrhea, evaluating which are the determinants that the children are exposed to and verifying if the mothers know the forms of prevention and treatment of the disease. Methodology: it is a quantitative and descriptive study, based in questionnaires epidemiological and of evaluating of the self-efficacy of maternal care, applied to mothers who attended the two basic health units for childcare consultation. Results: The 60 interviewed mothers were prevalence of the age group of 20 to 35 years old. A total of 70 children had diarrhea at least once in their lifetime, these 78.6% presented liquid feces and 38.6%, fever and vomiting as associated symptoms. The most prevalent maternal behaviors were the search for health service, medication and oral rehydration serum. Regarding prevention, 56.8% of the mothers were classified with a high maternal selfefficacy to avoid infant diarrhea. Conclusion: The variables were favorable for episodes of diarrhea not so frequent in the two basic health units a prevalence of mothers with good knowledge and ability not to exposed children to the determinants that are possible to avoid was observed, concluding that they have a satisfactory maternal self-efficacy.

Saúde do homem: análise do IPSS, PSA e urofluxometria dos participante na campanha "novembro azul" em 2017 / Man's health: analysis of IPSS, PSA and uroflowmetry the population participat of the campaign "blue november" in 2017

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os dados laboratoriais dos participantes da campanha "Saúde do Homem" em novembro de 2017, em Santarém/PA/Brasil. Estudo do tipo transversal e quantitativo, de análise do escorre internacional de sintomas prostáticos (I-PSS), de questionário e de exames laboratoriais. O total de 36 homens acima de 40 anos, com idade média de 55,8 anos participaram da campanha. Estes passaram pelo exame digital da próstata e por exames laboratoriais, como PSA e urofluxometria. A dosagem sérica de PSA mostrou que 100% dos pacientes obtiveram valores de 0-4 ng/ml. Destes, 25 (69%) exibiram ao exame digital da próstata peso estimado abaixo de 30g. No que tange ao exame da urofluxometria, 64% expressaram volume urinário de 150 a 500 ml. Vinte pacientes mostraram valores inferiores a 15 ml/s ao fluxo máximo e os outros, igual ou superior a 15 ml/s. O padrão de curva de fluxo urinário mais prevalente foi do tipo cauda, representando 75% (n=27) e o tipo sino foi o menos frequente com 5,5% (n=2). No resíduo pós-miccional, 39% (n=14) obtiveram acima de 20 ml. De modo que 4 destes apresentaram acima de 100 ml, sugestivo de obstrução urinária. Os resultados neste trabalho permitiram identificar que as alterações encontradas podem estar associadas a obstrução ou disfunção vesical, no entanto, como exame de triagem do risco de câncer de próstata e dos sintomas de HPB, esses testes são suficientes para selecionar os pacientes que se beneficiam do tratamento adequado ou investigação mais complexa.

The objective of this research was to analyze the laboratory data of the population end of campaign "Man's Health" in November 2017, at Santarém/PA. Study of transverse type and quantitative analysis of the flows of international prostate symptoms (IPSS), a questionnaire and laboratory tests. The total of 36 men over 40 years, with an average age of 55.8 years participated in the campaign. These passed through the prostate digital exam and lab tests, such as PSA and uroflowmetry. The dosage of serum PSA showed that 100% of patients obtained values of 04 ng/ml. Of these, 25 (69%) exhibit digital prostate exam estimated weight below 30 g. With regard to the examination of uroflowmetry, 64% expressed urinary volume of 150 to 500 ml. Twenty patients demonstrate less than 15 ml/s maximum flow and the other, not less greater than 15 ml/s pattern of urinary flow curve more prevalent was the tail type, representing 75% (n = 27) and the Bell type was less frequent with 5.5% (n = 2). In the pós - miccional residue, 39% (n = 14) achieved over 20 ml. So that 4 of these being presented over 100 ml, suggestive of urinary obstruction. The results in this paper identified the changes found may be associated with obstruction or bladder dysfunction, however, as screening examination of the risk of prostate cancer and BPH symptoms, these tests are sufficient to Select the patients who benefit from appropriate treatment or investigation.

Clinical forms of canine visceral Leishmaniasis in naturally Leishmania infantum-infected dogs and related myelogram and hemogram changes.

Hematological analysis has limited applications for disease diagnosis in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs, but it can be very important in evaluating the clinical forms of the disease and in understanding the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) pathogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that alterations in leucopoiesis and erythropoiesis are related to clinical status and bone marrow parasite density in dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. To further characterize these alterations, we evaluated the association between the hematological parameters in bone marrow and peripheral blood alterations in groups of L. infantum-infected dogs: asymptomatic I (AD-I: serum negative/PCR+), asymptomatic II (AD-II: serum positive), oligosymptomatic (OD), and symptomatic (SD). Results were compared with those from noninfected dogs (NID). The SD group was found to present a decrease in erythropoietic lineage with concomitant reductions in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit parameters, resulting in anemia. The SD group also had increased neutrophils and precursors and decreased band eosinophils and eosinophils, leading to peripheral blood leucopenia. In the AD-II group, lymphocytosis occurred in both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow compartments. The SD group exhibited lymphocytosis in the bone marrow, with lymphopenia in the peripheral blood. In contrast, the AD-I group, showed no significant changes suggestive of CVL, presenting normal counts in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Our results showed for the first time that important changes in hematopoiesis and hematological parameters occur during ongoing CVL in naturally infected dogs, mainly in symptomatic disease. Taken together, our results based on myelogram and hemogram parameters enable better understanding of the pathogenesis of the anemia, lymphocytosis, and lymphopenia, as well as the leucopenia (eosinopenia and monocytopenia), that contribute to CVL prognosis.

Long-term humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by a heterologous Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 protein prime/adenovirus boost immunization protocol.

Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is an invasion-related Plasmodium antigen that is expressed during both intracellular and extracellular asexual stages of the parasite's life cycle, making it an ideal target for induction of humoral and cellular immune responses that can protect against malaria. We show here that when it is administered as a recombinant protein (P) in Montanide ISA720 adjuvant, followed by a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (Ad), intense and long-lasting Plasmodium vivax AMA-1-specific antibody responses (including both IgG1 and IgG2a), as well as proliferative memory T cell responses, can be detected in immunized mice. Memory T cells displayed both central (CD44(hi) CD62L(hi)) and effector (CD44(hi) CD62L(lo)) phenotypes, with the central memory phenotype prevailing (56% of AMA-1-specific proliferating cells). Considering the main traits of the memory immune responses induced against AMA-1, this particular sequence of immunogens (P followed by Ad), but no others (Ad/Ad, Ad/P, or P/P), displayed an optimal synergistic effect. These results give further support to the need for preclinical studies of P. vivax vaccine candidate AMA-1 administered in prime/boost protocols that include recombinant proteins and adenoviral vectors.